What is operating systems and function of operating systems

 Operating system

Operating system is a group of program that controls all the operation of computer system and its components. 

Operating system is a program that manages computer hardware. It is an important part of a computer system. It acts as an interface between the computer user and the hardware. 

A computer can do nothing without operating system. Operating system must be installed in every computer.

Operating system manages all operation on computer after loading.

Some popular operating system is IBM PC- DOS, MS DOS, UNIX, XENIX, LINUX, WINDOWS-98, 

WINDOWS-2000, WINDOWS XP, WINDOWS 7,8,10.

Function of operating 

• Booting 

Booting is a process of starting the computer. 
It checks the computer and makes it ready to work. 
There are two type of booting.
1. Cold Booting 
When computer is turd on by on/off button it is called cold boot
2. Warm  boot When computer is restarted, it is called warm boot.
User interface 
User interface is used to interact with computer. User interface controls how you enter data and instructions an how information is displayed on the screen. 

• Graphical User interface

Graphical user interface is a visual environment that is used by the used to communicate with computer. 
It uses windows, icon, menu and other graphical objects to use commands. 
Icon, button, boxes and images is on trend GUI.

• Resources management

An operating system uses a variety of resource management program to manage the programs to manage the hardware and networking resources of a computer system, 
Including its CPU, memory, secondary storage devises, telecommunications processor and input/output peripherals.

• Memory management 

Memory management is a process of optimizing the use of main memory.
RAM is used to store data and instructions temporarily during execution.
Operating system allocates memory area to different programs. The allocated memory area is de-allocated when the program finishes. 

• File management 

An operating system contains file management programs that control the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and program.
File management also keeping track of the physical location of tiles on files on magnetic disks and other secondary storage devices.

• Task management

The process scheduling is the activity of the OS process manager that handles the removal of the running process from the CPU and the selection of another process on the basis of a particular strategy or  scheduling Algorithm.
They give each task  a time Slice of CPU’s  and interrupt the CPU operations to substitute other tasks.
Task management may involve a multitasking capability where several computing tasks can occur at the same time.

• Monitoring performance

Operating system also monitors the performance of the computer.
A system monitor is a program that checks and reports information about different systems resources and devices. 
For example:
It monitors the processor, disk memory, and network.

• Accessing the Web

Operating system provides the facility to connect to the web.
It guides the user to set up a connection between computer and internet Service providers. Some of provides the facilities of web browser and email program.

• Administering Security

Operating system manages the security of computer system as well as data and program stored on it. Security I normally maintained by using User ID and passwords.

• Device Controlling

Operating system controls all devises attached to the computer. 
The hardware devises are controlled with the help of small software called devise drivers.
Popular Operating System 
• Stand-alone operating system
Dos
Windows 98,95
Windows XP
MAC
• Network Operating system
NETWARE
window NT server
UNIX
LINUX
SOLARIS.

Some popular operating system