Introduction of science

The word "science" is derived from Latin word "Scientifa" or "Science," which means
knowledge. Science deals with the understanding of natural phenomena and the relationships between them and their end is the rational interpretation of the realities of existence as revealed to us by our colleges and senses. Science hypotheses, according to a great thinker, Carl Pearson are formed on the basis of observed facts, which when confirmed by criticism and experiments turn into "the law of nature." In the words of J. Arthur Thomson, Science is the well-criticized empirical set of and closest terms available at the time what can be observed and experienced, summarizing the changes in the formula called laws verifiable by everyone who can use the methods. " The hypothesis, theory and law seem to be the vertical triangle of science based on experiments and observations.

History of science

The history of science must include the history of the evolution of all aspects of knowledge. If science is considered as a branch of tested knowledge obtained through the accumulation of facts drawn from observations and experiences, myth and religion essentially dominate as ways to explain the world among early civilizations. The early Greek philosophers were first, to bring about a change in this concept. They have excluded supernatural causes from their narratives of reality. In the 3rd century BC, Greek science was highly sophisticated, and the production of celestial models shaped the evolution of science since then. Although modern science is said to be the child of Greek science and the Renaissance is believed to have been brought about mainly by the restoration of the Greek Classics but still their work was not based on observation and experiment; a real scientific approach. Therefore,Greek science itself was hot truly scientific. The Greeks were over-theoretical, for their science was an off-shoot of philosophy. With the fall of Greece to the Roman Empire,science fell from grace. Science was almost unknown in Western Europe in the 5th century A.D. after the fall of the Romans. Islamic culture alone preserved Greek knowledge and later transmitted it back to the West. Muslim scholars were the first to make science meaningful and practical in the real sense by introducing observation and experiment as characteristic steps of scientific achievements.
During the time A.D 200-1200, when Europe was
passing through the so-called: "Dark Ages", the whole World was ringing with the scientific achievements of Muslim scholars like Avicenna and Averroes. 

ISLAMIC SCIENCE

When the people of the whole of Europe were
living in a highly savage state, then moral codes were degraded and then theology debased, the crescent of Islam rose form the horizons to enlighten the faculties of understanding of Basic Laws of Nature .When the great Founder of Islam was born, the majority of mankind looked upon the elements of Nature, the subject matter of science, as objects
possessing supernatural powers. They made idols, symbolizing different elements, and worshipped them as gods and goddesses, either for protection from evil or for attainment of certain objects. Thus all that was useful in the Heavens and the Earth remained unexplored, and for thousand of years man did not realise the sublime utility of the forces of Nature. It was reserved for the Book of Islam to open Man's eyes to the wonder and of Nature. Scientific activity in the Islamic world started at a number of centres like Basra, Kufa, Baghdad and Cairo.